- Photosensitizer Application: A drug called a photosensitizer is applied to the area to be treated, either topically, orally, or intravenously. The photosensitizer makes the cells more sensitive to light.
- Light Source Activation: A light source of a specific wavelength is shone on the area, which activates the photosensitizer and causes a chemical reaction that destroys the cells.
The benefits of PDT for cancer patients include its noninvasive nature, targeted effectiveness, and the preservation of surrounding normal tissues and organs. PDT can also stimulate the immune system to help fight cancer cells. Compared to other treatments, PDT can have fewer side effects, such as pain, bleeding, infection, or scarring. However, PDT also has some limitations and risks, such as possible complications, recurrence, or incomplete treatment. PDT can also make the skin and eyes more sensitive to light for a period of time, which requires protection from sunlight and bright indoor lights.
PDT is usually performed by a doctor who specializes in the type of cancer or condition being treated. The procedure can vary depending on the location and size of the area to be treated, the type of photosensitizer used, and the type of light source used. The procedure can take from a few minutes to a few hours, and may require more than one session. The procedure can be done in a hospital, a clinic, or an office setting. The procedure may involve local anesthesia, sedation, or general anesthesia, depending on the level of discomfort and the patient’s preference. The procedure may also involve imaging techniques, such as ultrasound or CT scan, to guide the placement of the light source. After the procedure, the patient may need to stay in the hospital for observation or go home the same day. The patient may need to follow some instructions, such as avoiding light exposure, applying sunscreen, taking painkillers, or applying wound care. The patient may also need to have follow-up visits to monitor the results and the recovery.